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Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Anglo Saxon Culture in Beowulf

The Anglo Saxon culture has existed for many years and has been revealed in literature such as Beowulf and cultures today. Beowulf remains to be the perfect example of an Anglo Saxon hero. His understanding of respect for elders and family hierarchy played a vital role in society. These beliefs not only serve as the foundation for literary heroes but for my family too. An interesting aspect that was revealed in Beowulf was respect for elders. Throughout the poem, Beowulf showed respect to Hrothgar and to his king, Higlac by putting his life on the line fighting for a cause bigger than himself. As a result, he received many treasures for his heroic deeds and gave them to Higlac as a sign of respect. In my family, respecting your elders is something we all must do. For instance, whenever a family member enters the house, that person must greet the everyone there. If they don’t, then they’re confronted immediately about it and reminded to not let that happen again. It’s unacceptable to just walk without greeting everyone. Another fascinating aspect that was portrayed in Beowulf was the hierarchy of the families. The king had authority over his family and his country. He made all of the decisions and no one dared to go against him. However, when the king died, the next oldest son in line took his place. In my family, my uncle has always been the â€Å"man of the house†. He was the protector and provider for the family making sure everybody was content and safe. When my uncle passed away, his oldest son (cousin) took his place. However, this rule of authority no longer exists in my immediate family. Both of my parents provide and share responsibility equally which eases the burden. It’s evident that Anglo Saxon culture still serves as the foundation for my family culture and learning about it through Beowulf has caused me to realize how important it is. It’s incredible how far Anglo Saxon culture has survived and its influence on culture. dominant role in society. They were seen as the centra

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

The Silver Linings Playbook Chapter 41

How Is She? My birthday falls on a Friday. December 29. In the afternoon, Mom helps me tape trash bags around my cast so I can take my first shower since I broke my leg. This is sort of embarrassing to talk about, but Mom has to help me keep my cast out of the shower, so she holds the shower curtain for me, protecting the cast, as I straddle the edge of the tub, trying to keep my weight on my good leg. Mom hands me the soap when I need it and also the shampoo. She pretends not to look at my naked body, but I am sure she gets a glimpse at some point, which makes me feel strange. I haven't worked out in days, so I feel very small and weak – but Mom doesn't say anything about my diminished girth, because she is a kind woman. After my shower, Mom helps me put on a pair of sweatpants she has modified, cutting one leg off at the thigh so my cast can fit through. I also put on a button-down shirt from the Gap and my new leather jacket. I hop down the steps, crutch my way out the door and into the backseat of Mom's car, sitting sideways so my cast will fit. When we arrive at the Voorhees house, I crutch my way into Cliff's office, pick the black recliner, prop my cast up on the footrest, and tell Cliff everything. When I finish my story, Cliff says, â€Å"So you've been in bed since Christmas?† â€Å"Yeah.† â€Å"And you have no interest in reading or watching television?† â€Å"No.† â€Å"And you're not working out your upper body at all? No weights?† â€Å"No.† â€Å"What do you do all day?† â€Å"I sleep, or I think. Sometimes I write, but Danny has been coming to visit me too.† I had already told Cliff all about God reuniting Danny and me, which even Cliff had to admit was a bit of a miracle and maybe the silver lining to my awful Christmas. â€Å"What do you and Danny do when he visits?† â€Å"We play Parcheesi.† â€Å"Parcheesi?† â€Å"It's the Royal Game of India. How can you not know it?† â€Å"I know Parcheesi. I'm just surprised you and Danny play board games together.† â€Å"Why?† Cliff makes a funny face, but doesn't say anything. â€Å"Danny brings his Parcheesi game all the way from North Philly. He rides the trains.† â€Å"That's good, right? It must be nice to see your old friend.† â€Å"I was sorry to learn that he still can't rap, even after a second operation, but his aunt got him a job doing the janitorial work at her church, which is also a day-care center. He wipes down the pews with pine oil and mops the floors and empties the trash and vacuums every night – stuff like that. He smells like pine trees now too, which is sort of a nice bonus. But Danny is quieter than I remember him being in the bad place.† â€Å"Did you tell Danny about what Tiffany did to you?† Cliff asks. â€Å"Yeah, I did.† â€Å"What did he say?† â€Å"Nothing.† â€Å"He didn't give you any advice?† â€Å"I didn't ask him for any advice.† â€Å"I see.† Cliff grabs his chin, which lets me know he is going to say something my mother has told him. â€Å"Pat, I know how you lost your memory. Everyone does.† He pauses here, gauging my reaction. â€Å"And I think you remember too. Do you?† â€Å"No.† â€Å"Do you want me to tell you how you lost your memory?† â€Å"No.† â€Å"Why?† I don't say anything. â€Å"I know Dr. Timbers used to tell you the story every day as part of your therapy. That's why I never brought it up. I thought maybe you would talk about it when you were ready, but it's been almost five months – and now you have a broken leg, and things seem to have gotten worse. I can't help feeling as though we need to start trying other tactics. What Tiffany suggested about closure is true. I'm not saying her methods were honorable, but you really do need to come to terms with what happened, Pat. You need closure.† â€Å"Maybe my movie isn't over,† I say, because sometimes moviemakers trick the audience with a false bad ending, and just when you think the movie is going to end badly, something dramatic happens, which leads to the happy ending. This seems like a good spot for something dramatic to happen, especially since it's my birthday. â€Å"Your life is not a movie, Pat. Life is not a movie. You're an Eagles fan. After watching so many NFL seasons without a Super Bowl, you should know that real life often ends poorly.† â€Å"How can you say that now, especially since the Eagles have won four straight and are headed into the play-offs – even after McNabb went down!† Cliff just looks at me, almost as if he is scared, and suddenly I realize that I was just yelling. But I can't help adding, â€Å"With a negative attitude like that, it will end poorly, Cliff! You're starting to sound like Dr. Timbers! You better watch out, or you're going to be defeated by pessimism!† There is a long silence, and Cliff looks really worried, which begins to worry me. On the drive home, Mom tells me that people are coming over for my birthday. She is making me a birthday dinner. â€Å"Is Nikki coming?† I ask. â€Å"No, Pat. Nikki is never coming,† Mom says. â€Å"Never.† When we arrive home, Mom makes me sit in the family room while she cooks meat loaf and mashed potatoes and green beans and an apple pie. She keeps trying to talk to me, but I really do not feel like talking. Jake and Caitlin arrive first, and they try to cheer me up by talking really enthusiastically about the Birds, but it doesn't work. When Ronnie and Veronica arrive, Emily climbs onto my lap, which makes me feel a little better. Caitlin asks Emily if she wants to draw a picture on my cast, and when she nods, Mom finds some markers and we all watch little Emily draw. She starts off by making a wobbly circle, which is understandable, since the cast is not perfectly flat, nor smooth. But then she just scribbles all sorts of colors everywhere, and I cannot tell what she is up to until she points to her creation and says, â€Å"Pap!† â€Å"Did you draw a picture of Uncle Pat?† Ronnie says, and when Emily nods, everyone laughs because it looks nothing like me. When we sit down at the dining-room table, my father is still not home. Even after the win over Dallas, he has been pretty distant lately, hiding in his study again. Nobody mentions my dad's absence, so I don't either. Mom's meal is delicious, and everyone says so. When it is time for pie, they sing â€Å"Happy Birthday† to me, and then little Emily helps me blow out the candles that make the shape of the number 35. I hardly believe that I can actually be thirty-five, because I still feel like I am thirty – maybe I only wish I were thirty, because then I'd have Nikki in my life. After we eat our pie, Emily helps me open my presents. I get a brand-new wooden hand-painted Parcheesi board from Mom, who says she invited Danny to my party, but he had to work. Ronnie, Emily, and Veronica give me an Eagles fleece blanket. Jake and Caitlin give me a membership to a gym in Philadelphia. The brochure in the box says the club has a pool and a steam room and basketball courts and racquetball courts and all types of weight-lifting equipment and other machines that build muscles. â€Å"It's where I work out,† my brother says. â€Å"And I was thinking we could start working out together once your leg mends.† Even though I'm not all that interested in working out so much anymore, I realize that the membership is a nice present, so I thank Jake. When we retire to the living room, I ask Veronica about Tiffany. â€Å"How's Tiffany?† I say. I'm not really sure why I ask. The words just sort of slip out of my mouth, and when they do, everyone stops talking and a silence hangs in the air. â€Å"I invited her to your party,† Mom finally offers, probably just so Veronica will not feel badly about her sister being excluded. â€Å"Why?† Jake asks. â€Å"So she can lie to Pat again? Set him back a few more years?† â€Å"She was only trying to help,† Veronica says. â€Å"Your sister has a funny way of helping.† â€Å"Stop,† Caitlin says to Jake. And then the room is silent again. â€Å"So how is she?† I ask, because I really do want to know.

Monday, July 29, 2019

Computer Information System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Computer Information System - Essay Example Organizations can't survive with working in international markets with out the help of databases and computers. In an environment where competition is tough they need to carry on communications with the help of computers and keep records on databases. As more and more people turn towards environment friendly products due to awareness, organizations are compelled to turn their attention towards product of the kind that are environment friendly. Organizations got to know about this by the help of databases that showed these trends according to the records. The most important use of databases in business is to keep a track record of history about the business. This not only helps in formulating strategies by studying the past trends but also helps executives in making important decisions that are related to the organizations. A database keeps the record in relevance to its dependency and gives results that are used to deduce conclusion as to why and how something happened. For example a drop in sales due to the packing of a product might be missed by a manager, but the database can easily point it out by showing that the drop in sales started as soon as the packaging of the product was changed. As I mentioned above the reasons for using databases to conduct day-to-day operations of a business, the same case is in my organization. We use databases in order to have an edge over our competitors, to become reputable in our sector of the business and to earn profits. Reasons apart from these are also related to the implementation of databases, these include satisfying the customers to the maximum in order to enhance the business operations and to keep a track of the customer so as to study the trend of his or her behavior that helps us in giving the customers what they really want. Our organization uses the one of the most successful database application, which is easy to implement and user friendly for the employees. The name of the database application is Oracle. This software is being used widely by organizations all over the world to help in running successful business. The main function of this database application is to enable the workers here to store, change and manipul ate data in the database using queries. The database application gives us the added advantage of comparing data and suggesting future trends, which helps the organization in formulating perfect strategies. The users are first trained to handle the database though its easy but our firm makes sure that all the people interacting with the database through the database appl

Sunday, July 28, 2019

John F. Kennedy Speech in Regards to the Cuban Missile Crisis Essay

John F. Kennedy Speech in Regards to the Cuban Missile Crisis - Essay Example The document begins with a very brief timeline of events that lead up to the evening in question when Kennedy decided to address the American people about his plans to deal with the crisis at hand. The two biggest players during this period in time were Kennedy and Russian President Nikita Khrushchev. The source was created as a way to give the reader an idea f the events that lead up to the speech, while also including the text of the exact speech which Kennedy gave that night. After observing the main page, the primary source was created as part of a greater source collection on July 4, 1996. After selecting the feature to learn more about the website, the reader is able to read that The History Place is in fact from the Boston area and most importantly, not a part of any political affiliation. It was created by Philip Gavin who attended both Northeastern University and Boston University. Important to note, unless otherwise mentioned, the website reports that the articles that do n ot make specific notation of another author, are in fact written by Gavin himself. The intended audience of the user would be anyone that wishes to know more about the history of the United States and taking into consideration a few of the other sources located on the site, the history of the rest of the world as well. Primary benefit from this site would undoubtedly be felt by those who are students. In looking at the information and the way in which it is arranged, it appears that the primary goal of the site creator(s) was to be first and foremost factual in the nature that the information is shown, judging by the numerous instances that speeches are included, so that the readers are able to fully grasp the material which they are reading. With the fact that the website claims to have no political connections, thus claiming a sense of political neutrality, it would have to be assumed that the presentation was made with the utmost concern for no sort of bias as it came to the material which was included. As for whether or not the document contains words which could have changed meaning over time, it would be quite doubtful that the words expressed in the 1962 speech by Kennedy would have changed meaning in the last 46 years. Other speeches provided on The History Place, in dating back to the 1500s, would most definitely have word usage that, in looking at today's modern society, would have changed meaning over time. While the dialect which President Kennedy spoke in was New England and as such does alter the manner in which words sound as they are spoken, despite this nothing which he would have said would differ in meaning now. The document has an incredible value for both teaching, as well as learning. In an era of study of times of possible serious conflict faced by world leaders, the Cuban Missile Crisis was the definitive example of a major world power on the brink of possible war with another country. The historical questions it raises about the past center on the decisions of those in power and how it can lead a country to a state of peace, or a state of war. Historians and students both can engage with the speech to find a better understanding of what one leader faced as he set out to save his people and the rest

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Monetary Policy Responds to Stock Market Movements Dissertation

Monetary Policy Responds to Stock Market Movements - Dissertation Example According to Bernanke and Gertler (2001) changes in asset prices (including stock prices) should only impact monetary policies to the extent that they affect the central banks forecast of inflation. Therefore, the target of monetary policy is inflation and not specifically stock prices. Hayford and Malliaris (2002) used different methodologies to determine whether monetary policy has influenced the stock market since it crashed on October 19, 1987. The results indicate that, rather than using the Federal Funds rate policy to offset increases in the value of the stock market above estimates of fundamentals, Federal Fund policy has on average accommodated what is considered to be overvaluation of the stock market. Hayward and Malliaris (2002) found evidence in the FOMC minutes which is consistent with Taylor (1993). Taylor’s (1993) rule suggests that Federal Funds rate target has largely been st in response to inflation and measures of excess demand and therefore is not solely a response to offset potential stock market valuations. Rigobon and Sack (2003) employed an identification technique based on the heteroskedasticity of stock market returns in order to determine the response of monetary policy to stock market movements. Using daily and weekly movements in interest rates and stock prices between 1985 and 1999 Rigobon and Sack (2003) found that the response of monetary policy to stock market movements was significant. The results showed a 5% rise (fall) in the Standard and Poor’s (S&P) 500.... reases in the value of the stock market above estimates of fundamentals, Federal Fund policy has on average accommodated what is considered to be overvaluation of the stock market. Hayward and Malliaris (2002) found evidence in the FOMC minutes which is consistent with Taylor (1993). Taylor’s (1993) rule suggests that Federal Funds rate target has largely been st in response to inflation and measures of excess demand and therefore is not solely a response to offset potential stock market valuations. Rigobon and Sack (2003) employed an identification technique based on the heteroskedasticity of stock market returns in order to determine the response of monetary policy to stock market movements. Using daily and weekly movements in interest rates and stock prices between 1985 and 1999 Rigobon and Sack (2003) found that the response of monetary policy to stock market movements was significant. The results showed a 5% rise (fall) in the Standard and Poor’s (S&P) 500 Index, i ncreasing the possibility of a 25 basis point tightening (easing) by about one half. These results suggest that stock market movements have a significant impact on short term interest rates, driving them in the direction as the change in stock prices. This Rigobon and Sack (2003) attribute to the anticipated reaction of monetary policy to stock market increases. Fuhrer and Tootell (2004) focused on the fact that methods used in earlier literature fail to adequately separate what they describe as the observational equivalence problem. In addition Fuhrer and Tootell (2004) showed that after controlling for the information that that enters the Federal Open Market Committee’s (FOMC’s) decision making process stock market prices have had no independent effect on monetary policy. Cassala and Morena

Friday, July 26, 2019

Methods to deal with difficult trainees while conducting training - Research Paper

Methods to deal with difficult trainees while conducting training - THIS IS FOR A TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT COURSE - Research Paper Example Introduction: Training and development have become the quintessential factors for effective human resource development in contemporary organizations, and therefore are the value-adding factors for organizational growth and sustenance. Instead of the conventional theoretical approach to learning, training is adopted to impart learning in organizations, which Lall and Sharma define as â€Å"a systematic procedure or technique by which a skill is developed in a person/employee of an organization,† (2009, p.444). The main components of any training include trainer, trainee, training methods, and time and resources. Trainer refers to the individual that imparts learning through various activities and with the use of his/her knowledge, understanding, experience of the topic to be learned and about the individuals that are interested in learning a specific topic; these individuals that seek learning through involvement, action and commitment are referred to as the trainees. The train ees’ characteristics, skills, and motivations help the trainer in determining the training method to be used to deliver the training. Trainer will have to adopt specific approaches to handle different types of trainees and to address any behavioural issues that can affect the training execution and effectiveness. Based on teachings from literature and case studies, an analysis will be performed to understand the implications of trainee personalities on their own learning and on the other trainees as well as the impact of these personalities on the training effectiveness. Finally, conclusions will be drawn based on key findings and analysis. 2. Literature review: Effectiveness of any training can be seen only when the trainees are able to apply the knowledge, skills and attitudes acquired through the training course to work areas or real-time situations (Nijman et al., 2006). This requires optimum commitment from both trainees and trainers; however, studies identify a number o f reasons for training ineffectiveness one of which includes disruptive trainee behavior, such as anger and talkativeness as seen in following case studies. 2.a. Case study 1: Angry Trainee Hara (2010b) explains about a case where controversial subjects are taught to about 20-25 students in order to make them understand about the possible existence of different perspectives to a subject. One such subject related to the position of women in the U.S culture, which thwarted a student, Tina, resulting in a furious reaction refusing to read such topics as it challenged her belief about the status of women in the U.S culture. If such a thing was to happen in a training course related to organizational development, the trainees and the organizations will be affected. When the trainees express their anger during a training session, it will certainly affect the motivation and morale of the rest of the trainees. In this case, misunderstanding and misinterpretation will increase between the tr ainees coming from different cultural backgrounds. 2.b. Case study 2: Talkative Trainee Hara (2010a) describes the case of talkative Nancy and how this behavior disrupts the concentration and morale of other members in the session. Quoting an example of a student in a classroom, the author refers to Nancy as the ‘know it all-Nancy,’ who always tries to give all the information that she has related to the subject being discussed and goes beyond the subject topic to give information. Hara (2010a)

UNs Declaration of Human Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

UNs Declaration of Human Rights - Essay Example In actuality, AI annual report documented extrajudicial executions in 61 countries; judicial executions in 28 countries; prisoners of conscience in at least 63 countries; cases of torture and ill-treatment in 125 countries and human "disappearances" in 30 countries. However, Amnesty International believes that the true figures for all these statistics are much higher. The Amnesty International further informed that even though governments have adopted the rhetoric of human rights via the UN’s UDHR, only a few have delivered this into a reality. Amnesty International deemed that there is much that governments can and should do: They can ensure that workers are protected from the worst forms of exploitation; they can combat impunity which is the poison that allows human rights violations to spread, to recur or to re-emerge; they can stop attacking human rights activists; they can, and must, live up to their human rights obligations. Reviewing its origins, the UDHR became the bas is for several human rights treaties, including two Covenants on Political and Civil Rights as well as Social, Economic, and Cultural Rights. This is probably why international human rights advocacy groups have emerged in the 1960s (Amnesty International) and 1970s (Human Rights Watch) to scrutinize the UDHR as the basis of their activism. In contrast, the international community entirely ignored the convention against genocide until the early 1990s. During this time, numerous instances of genocide passed without an international response.

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Green Supply Chain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Green Supply Chain - Essay Example Monsoon Company uses strategies that are environmental friendly in manufacturing their chemicals. They do not dump waste materials but they recycle their waste products to avoid pollution. They have an accounting program that monitors activities that may led to degradation of the environment. Amazon Company is also environment sensitive since they replace trees that they have used in manufacturing their books. This is by planting more trees than they have cut for manufacturing of paper. Sustainability Stagecoach Company controls the effect that carbon dioxide may cause to the environment by replacing old vehicles. The company improves the efficiency of their vehicles thus offering their customers excellent services and as well reducing impacts on the environment (Basu & Wright, 2007). They have implemented new technology in their vehicles that do not guzzle appreciable quantities fuel and thus reducing carbon dioxide emission. These vehicles have achieved a high emission standard in Europe. The company has set targets on carbon emission strategies as the centre of their green program. This is possible, as they have introduced an accounting and control system of carbon emissions. This program is integrated with their business agenda to ensure transparency to their customers and ensure they have managed carbon emissions by their vehicles. The company has used alternative technologies that are environmental friendly, which reduce carbon dioxide emissions. They have more than 1000 vehicles with alternative drive train, which are modified to ensure efficiency to their customers (Basu & Wright, 2007). The modifications include aerodynamics technology that has proven to be efficient and electronic adaptations that reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Drivers are made aware of the importance of environment conservation. Drivers are trained on better driving techniques where they drive efficiently, thus saving fuel. There are many campaigns on awareness of efficient driving that will assist in saving fuel. They should use vehicles that do not depend on fuel for energy because of its rising cost and fines they pay from carbon emissions Monsoon Company has to come up with other alternatives for dealing with raising fuel cost and regulations that govern carbon dioxide emissions. This will interfere with most of their supply chain strategies for delivering services to customers. These companies pay a huge amount of taxes that interfere with their outcomes and profits. It is therefore, the role of these companies to come up with alternative technology that will be used in manufacturing their chemicals. This technology should be environmental sensitive by reducing the rate of carbon emissions (Emmete, & Sood, 2010). The company should use raw materials are not toxic and might have impact on the environment. This helps in reductions of carbon dioxide emissions, thus conserving the environment. It is the role of the company to connect their businesses with gr een supply for the purpose of transparency. Customer’s needs are fulfilled by companies that connect their business to green supply resulting to high output of the company. Connecting green supply goals with business goals Companies like Amazon must align their businesses with green supply chains to realize their objectives. Amazon should ensure that green supply chain is connected

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

The making of a Strong Leader Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The making of a Strong Leader - Research Paper Example O’Leary took the helms of leadership in 1994 when the airline was just tying to wake up from a long slumber and a performance downward trend that had seen it make a huge loss four years earlier (Ruddock 2008). Massive restructuring was in force as a result of continued poor performance. O’Leary therefore had a difficult time ahead of him but today he can boast of transforming Ryanair into one of the most profitable airlines in the world with tremendous growth prospects. He seems to have mastered the adaptability skill in his leadership. He took the company when it was at one of its worst moments and steered it to success. This means that he was able to identify with the bad times and above all understand the complexities. He has all along made changes with the times more so in the competitive arena. When other airlines reduce their fares, Ryanair reduces theirs even lower (Ruddock 2008). He has good people skills that enable him to sell his ideas in a simple and yet touching manner. He is on the forefront in advertising where he introduces almost all their new products. He is also a good negotiator with the employees’ union as they usually come to compromise without much loss to either party. He has good sense of self awareness such that he quite well knows how people perceive his leadership style. As much as the airline has been successful, many have not come to appreciate his way of doing things especially the cost cutting measures towards the staff. He is also decisive and makes relatively good and timely judgments. In the many times he has been faced with challenges e.g. a court case, he argues the company’s case with desirable wit. O’Leary is also purposeful in his strategies as he tries to maintain the airline as the best in the low-cost and low-fares category which he has achieved marvelously so far. He is also quite innovative and creative in strategizing. He has notably provoked free publicity through

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Legal Rights of Students with Disabilities Essay - 1

Legal Rights of Students with Disabilities - Essay Example IDEA has widely been regarded as essential educational stitch that not only provides legal protections to the students with disabilities but also talks about the rights of their parents to seek education for their children across United States. From time to time, some amendments were also implemented to the act. At present, it works along with the No Child Left behind Act to assure that all the children in United States will get access to free appropriate education (U.S. Department of Education, 2006). Six Basic Components of Original IDEA 1975 The original IDEA comprised of six basic and key components that are essential to be understood for understanding the soul of the act. The first component of IDEA is free appropriate public education that assures that all the children with disabilities eligible for special education, will also be entitled to a free appropriate public education (FAPE). This principle also clarify that regardless of the severity of disability all the children re quiring special education would be â€Å"identifies, located and evaluated† (IDEA, 1975). ... The third component of IDEA is individual education program (IEP) that works to assure the provision of appropriate and individualized services to the students with disabilities on the basis of the current evaluation information. The forth component is Least Restricted Environment where IDEA guarantees that the children with disabilities could be provided with free appropriate public education in least restricted environment and disabled children would be considered to be placed in the general education classrooms. The fifth component is parent and student participation in decision making. This principle is meant to reinforce the belief that disabled children could be provided with appropriate education more effectively if the parents actively participate in the process. The parents and the students are required to play active role in each and every step of education. The parents and students are invited to every IEP meeting to encourage their participation in the process. The sixth component of IDEA is procedure and safeguard that defends the rights of the students and their parents involved in the program. It clarifies that the parents have the right to view the records of their children and they could also seek independent opinion about their child. The student is also assured of his rights even if his parents or guardians are not known. Without the completion of the evaluation process, the schools are strictly prohibited to make any changes in the instructions and education program for the children at their own so that the students could stay in unchanged environment during the evaluation period. IDEA Reauthorizations IDEA has gone through phases of changes with the intention of

Monday, July 22, 2019

The Petrov Affair Essay Example for Free

The Petrov Affair Essay The â€Å"Petrov Affair† started in April 1954 when Vladimir Petrov and his wife Edvokia defected to Australia. The affair finally finished today, the 11th of December 1955; a day after the Federal Election in Australia when Robert Menzies was elected. The Events That Saw It Unfold The Petrov Affair occurred around the 3rd of April last year, when Vladimir Petrov, who was the cause of the Petrov Affair, defected to Australia under top-secret conditions. On arrival in Sydney, he was taken to a safe house on Sydney’s north shore. Only 3 or 4 Australian Security Intelligence Organisation, ASIO, officers knew about his defection to Australia, his wife Evdokia didn’t even know about this! Once the soviet embassy was aware of this defection, they accused the Australian Authorities of kidnapping him. Reason For His Defection One of Petrov’s main reasons for defecting here to Australia was to secure Ron Richards’, ASIO Deputy Director, secret documents containing evidence of Soviet espionage and infiltration of the Australian Government agencies. Richards was in charge of this operation and made the one of the possible code words for the defection â€Å"Cabin Candidate†. Another reason for defection was that he feared being arrested and killed by the Russian Government after he was associated with Beria and that if he went back to Russia, he would be purged as â€Å"Beria Man†. What Menzies Did About It Robert Menzies, the Prime Minister of Australia at the time, caused a stir when he announced to the House of Representatives that Petrov brought with him documents that revealed Soviet Espionage in Australia. He called a Royal Commission to investigate these allegations. Herbert Evatt, The Opposition Leader at the time, accused Menzies of arranging the defections to coincide with the election. After this happened, Menzies ended up winning the election, even though everyone thought Labour was going to succeed. Menzies denied that he had advanced knowledge of Petrov’s defection to Australia, but he did not deny that he exploited it.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

The Effects Of Globalisation On Indonesia Politics Essay

The Effects Of Globalisation On Indonesia Politics Essay Over the course of this paper, I will discuss how globalization has not been good for Indonesia. I will support this position by showing how population and consumption, hunger and poverty, the environment, disease and healthcare, disappearing indigenous populations and protest have been negatively changed in the country of Indonesia. History The Republic of Indonesia is located near Southeast Asia, with the Pacific Ocean to the northeast, Southern China Sea to the northwest, Indian Ocean in the southwest, and Australia lies southeast. Indonesia is made up of 13,677 islands with 6,000 inhabited and a population of 240,271,522 (I-4). It is one of the most culturally diverse and ethnically tolerant countries in the world (Robbins, p. 268). The vast number of languages and religions practiced on the islands demonstrates this point. Though Bahasa Indonesia is the official language of the Republic, there are 583 languages (Lyle, p. 22). Muslim is the most commonly practiced religion, though Roman Catholic, Protestant, Hindu and Buddhism are also regularly practiced (p. 9, 40). Indonesia has a strong Dutch influence. Indonesian spices brought the Dutch to the country looking to make a profit on the European market. The Dutch remained in control of Indonesia for the greater part of four hundred years. Throughout that time, the Dutch, the British, and the Japanese have had control over parts of Indonesia. After World War II, The Republic of Indonesia was born. The fight for Independence, freedom and diplomacy was a long hard road. As the nation was growing, globalism played a major role in how Indonesia became was it is today (Asian Info.org, 2010). Population and Consumption In 1979, under the leadership of General Suharto, president of Indonesia, a transmigration program was established to help poor and landless families in overpopulated areas of the country, find work and land to farm. This program took people from overcrowded areas, usually Java or Madura, and relocated them to less populated areas. Through transmigration, a labor force of farmers, miners, and loggers would be formed to work in these labor-intensive fields. Over a five-year span, from 1979-1984, 535,000 people were relocated. The government gave landless families unused farmland and a house on a less populated island, providing food until the family produced a self-sustainable crop. This program gave unemployed, hungry people in Java and Madura, a job, food and a better chance at surviving. Also, every family that transmigrated to a less populated island helped to feed the remaining people a slightly bigger portion of rice (Lamoureux, p. 77-78). From 1984, the transmigration program began to deteriorate until it was ended by the Indonesian Government in August 2000. The program failed because of resentment between the trans-migrants and indigenous peoples, lack of funding, and the distance placed between friends and families with strong multi-generational connections (p. 77-78). Overpopulation has still placed stress on the countrys resources, despite some success Indonesia has had in reducing its birthrate. Family land is divided over and over again as new generations inherit acreage from their parents, the plots given for rice fields become smaller and smaller. Large numbers of the younger generations consequently have moved to the cities looking for employment. An extensive labor force accumulating in the cities has resulted in devastating unemployment (p. 81; 83). Hunger and Poverty According to Economic Reform Today (2000), the Indonesian government has to take initiative to be more proactive in making industries and businesses competitive worldwide. Globalization has given Indonesia responsibility for development in the business sector internationally and locally. However, the negative image of globalization has presented major challenges for Indonesia to manage. The income gap and instable access to economic opportunity between different societal groups, regions and smaller-scaled businesses, has lead to an impression of reinforcement exaggerated by globalization, rather than justification for reform (Soesastro, p. 51, 53, 54). The growing population of Indonesia has placed increased pressure on the countrys access to food and water supplies. According to, Indonesia: A Global Studies Handbook, the population of Indonesia from 1929 to 1938 increased by 15 percent. However, food production only increased 3.5 percent (Lamoureux, p. 59). Approximately 225 million people lived in Indonesia in July 2001, with a 1.6 percent annual growth rate (p. 7). According to IndexMundi.com (2010), Indonesia has, as of July, 2009, a population of 240,271,522. July 2009 showed a 1.16 percent change over the same time in 2008. Large families were needed to work the fields; therefore it was common for women to give birth to ten or more children. However, several wouldnt live to be adults (p. 130). After World War II, infant mortality decreased largely due to antibiotics and other medicines, allowing more babies and children to survive. Less children dying resulted in an increase of population and an increase in government dependent resources, as well as, international aid, forcing Indonesia to import food (i.e. rice) (p. 130). In the 1970s, in response to the rice shortage, the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) developed a strain of rice plants that produced more rice per plant. This development helped alleviate the problem of self-sufficient rice production. However, fewer people were needed to work the rice fields, resulting in younger generations migrating to the cities for work (p. 130). Today, Indonesia is more dependent on imported foods, fruits and other manufactured goods produced by farmers and Java manufactures, because they cannot compete successfully with the imported goods (Nasution, p. 2). At the same time, due to a deficiency of raw materials, labor costs must be kept minimal to be able to compete in the global market (Soewandi, p. 6). Reducing the inflation and instability of the cost of food supplies coupled with agricultural investments to increase productivity, has encouraged rural incomes to grow and rice prices to stabilize. This in turn has allowed farmers to become self-sufficient on rice (Kartasasmita, p. 7). According to Weatherhead Center for International Affairs (2001), Indonesias national poverty line fell from 60 percent in 1970 to 40 percent six years later. The year 1990 showed a decrease to 15 percent to 11.5 percent another six years later (p. 8). Environment The most devastating amount of damage globalization has done to impair the environment in Indonesia is the destruction of the rainforests. Logging companies have destroyed the delicately balanced rainforest by over-logging to sell overseas. Forest fires have also become a concern. Fires have originated in the logging company camps, as well as, naturally (i.e. lightning), burning acres of timber and land. Many animals and species have become endangered due to over-logging and expanding villages due to population and for farming. Illegal animal traffickers of the orangutan, the Javan rhinoceros, and the Sumatran tiger have helped to bring these animals close to extinction. Rare orchids and exotic plants have also become endangered due to the rapid elimination of the rainforest. More recently, pharmaceutical companies are interested in the potential for new medicines in the rainforests (Lamoureux, p. 159-161). Also, slash-and-burn techniques that are practiced by villages with larger populations leave the region when soil is drained of nutrients to grow crops. The villagers clear trees and vegetation and burn it over the area to be planted. The plots are used for one to three years and then vacated to regrow with natural vegetation. A new area is then chosen. As they relocate the slash-and-burn technique is repeated as the forest area shrinks (Robbins, 2008, p. 179). In response, the Indonesian government has protected a number of areas: Komodo National Park, Gunung Leusser National Park, as well as a number of nature and game reserves; marine, forest and recreation parks; hunting and marine nature reserves; and national parks (Lamoureux, p. 161). Disease and Healthcare Increased globalization in Indonesia has also led to an increase in HIV and AIDS. The virus is most commonly found in women involved in the sex trade. Among prostitutes in Jakarta, the percentage of HIV/AIDS reported is about 17 percent. Among village women in some regions of Papua, not involved in prostitution, the percentage reported is as high as 26 percent. Many Muslim men refuse to wear condoms, exacerbating the spread of this disease (Lamoureux, p. 133). Intravenous drug users also encourage the spread of HIV/AIDS. According to an article in the Jakarta Post in December 1, 2002, it was reported that 43,000 people out of 120,000 people infected with HIV/AIDS were intravenous drug users (p. 140). In 1997, forest fires ravaged Sumatera and Kalimanta, destroying hectares of forests by the thousands. This created additional hazards, health and environmental, to existing problems in Indonesia (Kartasasmita, p. 10-11). Indigenous Populations Richard Robbins (2008) uses an example of the Meratus Dyak people living isolated in the Meratus Mountains of Indonesia to show hoe the indigenous people are effected by global. The Meratus have remained hunters and gathers and are dependent on slash-and-burn agriculture, traveling to fertile land within the mountains. The Indonesian government believes their culture makes them uncivilized and a threat to national security. The government has created a program, Management of Isolated Populations, to help discipline the 1.5 million groups of Indonesians, including the Meratus, and control their way of life (p. 269-270). The government has built housing settlements close together to relocate these groups to. They have also implemented nutrition and family plan programs to educate them on what the government feels they should consume and how and to limit the size of their families (p. 270). This concept of government has helped to eliminate the cultures of indigenous people. Protest In 1997, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) approved a loan of $42 billion to help the bleak financial outlook of Indonesia. Two months later General Suharto, president of Indonesia, irritated the IMF by presenting a budget that went against the IMFs loan criteria. This angered many Indonesians. As food prices soared in 1998, riots erupted across Indonesia. General Suharto was re-elected causing great disapproval throughout the country. Protests broke out on college campuses as students showed their disapproval of Suharto being re-elected (Lamoureux, p. 80). The Chinese, having been wealthier under Dutch rule in colonial times, is often a target for brutality when Indonesians are experiencing difficult times (p. 82). Rioters robbed and burned Chinese shops. The Chinese were allowed to be merchants and own shops, separating them from the Indonesian farmers during colonial Dutch rule. Very few Chinese were farmers, therefore not subject to the large amount of farming needed to meet Dutch quotas, as the Indonesians were. Violent riots and rapes occurred in Jakarta during the protests in 1998 (p. 82). The combination of a growing population and diminishing resources and environment, have put immense pressure on food and water supplies. As previously discussed, the IRRI and technology have helped to alleviate some pressure on the food supply. However, the diminishing water supply has potential to be a source of tension and conflict in the future (Johnstone, 1999). Conclusion All the different aspects of globalization covered are all intra-related and have had a negative effect on Indonesia. Overcrowded islands, such as Java, have a high unemployment rate due to too many inhabitants and too few jobs. People transmigrated to less populated islands by the government in hopes of alleviating the stress of over-population to become self-sufficient farmers. This had a negative effect on both the original inhabitants and the newcomers to the islands. The growing population has put tremendous stress on the food and water supply of Indonesia, creating a need for imports, which takes money out of the country. The environment has been destroyed as rainforests are cut down for precious timber, animals, and plants. The disruption of the delicate balance that is the rainforest has created an unbalance of resources and health conditions. The introduction of tourism has brought outside diseases, such as HIV/AIDS that have detrimental to women and children in Indonesia. I ndigenous populations being forced to conform to the norm according to the Indonesian government has destroyed cultures. Protest has been an outlet for the disgruntled citizens of Indonesia. The Chinese have been targeted based on entitlements given in the past. All of these have come about because of globalism; therefore, I believe that globalism has affected Indonesia negatively.

Workforce Diversity And Competitive Advantage Commerce Essay

Workforce Diversity And Competitive Advantage Commerce Essay The purpose of this paper is to study the trend of leadership style over the relationship between organizations workforce diversity and its competitive advantage with mission and vision statements as intervening variable which shows the concern of organization leadership towards the diversity management. Most organizations are adopting diversity into their policies and procedures to embrace its benefits and there is a growing recognition that it makes business sense to take diversity seriously. The demographics of working population has changed in last two decades with more mature workforce remaining in the workplace and at the same time more female employees are seen in higher positions while having variation in their cultural backgrounds. Therefore, it seems beneficial for organizations to hire diverse workforce to meet the demands of customer expectations. Organizations that are flexible and responsive to a demanding marketplace require the service of multi-skilled and adaptable w orkforce. One clear competitive advantage for organizations having diverse workforce is that it provides an environment that values differences among employees and encourages them for different ways of thinking and behaving during work to fully contribute to organizational aims and objectives. Employers providing such an environment get the support of their employees and develop a positive public image. It must be understood that each member of diverse workforce holds his differences and similarities; hence, valuing and managing diversity is about recognizing the unique contribution each employee can make to the organization. It is about creating an environment in which everyone feels valued, welcomed, and able to make an important contribution toward the attainment of corporate objectives. Additionally, companies facing challenges in competing global marketplace for market share can use diversity as competitive advantage in a multicultural environment with a diverse pool of talente d and experienced individuals who can bring innovation and creativity to the organization. (U. Yozgat and F. Oben, 2009) studied the effects of leadership style on creativity which leads to the competitive advantage in organizations. This paper is to identify the organizational attitude towards the workforce diversity globally and comparing to Pakistan based organizations. The results showed the great concern of US and UK based organizations towards diversity management and no concern in Pakistan based organizations. Literature Review In this section, literature of workforce diversity is reviewed in correspondence with competitive advantage. Further, different types of leadership are discussed from the literature and then the role of leadership to achieve competitive advantage is reviewed. Workforce Diversity Diversity is not only associated to limited attributes that can be observed but also to those invisible characteristics such as differences in educational background, creativity, understanding, learning style, and problem-solving ability (Nafukho et al., 2011).So organizational performances and processes can be influenced by an individual or a group representing different categories of diversity within a workplace. (van Knippenberg and Schippers, 2007). Diversity is defined as any dimension that can be used to differentiate groups and people from one another (Giovannini, 2004, p. 22). Hence, diversity affects the organizations effectiveness and performance in terms of competitive advantage. (Joshi and Roh, 2009; Klein et al., 2011). This presumes that performance has a relation with organizations ability to achieve goals with respect to its mission or vision (Devine and Philips, 2001). In other words, performance is deemed as an outcome which is a result of some purposeful activity t o achieve competitive advantage as mentioned in mission or vision statements of an organization (Swanson and Holton, 2009). As the organization strives to achieve its goals or objectives, conflict may arise within the diverse groups to cope up the challenges of differences among them which keep them from achieving organizational performance (Østergaard et al., 2011). Since, Human Resource Department (HRD) deals primarily with performance of individuals, groups and organization at large to achieve competitive advantage, so diverse workforce demands the attention of HRD scholars and practitioners on the issues that arise in organization basing on the differences. It can be observed in modern trends for companies to use diverse workforce for completing special tasks which help achieve competitive advantage (Garrison et al., 2010) and there is always potential for the occurrence of conflict among such diverse groups which can derail the organization from achieving effectiveness. Henc e, it becomes the responsibility of HRD to address such conflicts in advance and use the knowledge of how to build the high performing and productive teams of diverse workforce who can to the overall competitive advantage of organization (Klein et al., 2011). In the past two decades several academic researchers have conducted research on various issues relating diversity. Richard (2000) examined the impact of diversity on organization and its productivity while Jackson (1993) found the positive relationship between diversity and creativity. Diversity research has also addressed the factors involved in assimilating new employees into an organizations culture (Berry and Sam, 1997). However, some argue that by its fundamental nature, assimilating new employees to obtain greater fit between the person and organization is achieved at the expense of diversity (Powell, 1998). In other research, Tsui et al. (1992) showed that race and gender has negative relationship with diversity as compared to age. Other studies have also consistently found that observable attributes have negative effects on outcomes such as identification with the group and job satisfaction at both the individual and group level of analysis (Milliken and Martins, 1996). Furth er, Milliken and Martins (1996) supported the argument of Tsui et al. (1992) that racial and gender diversity can have negative influence on individual and team outcomes in some cases regardless of age. As an example, they referred to those groups members who differ from the larger group tend to show less commitment, more turnover and absenteeism while at the same time this results in additional costs, such as, group coordination cost, communication cost and training and development cost. So, according to them, diversity results in increase in coordination and control costs. Workforce Diversity and Competitive Advantage: Most companies find diversity as a way to gain competitive advantage by increasing business competency, improving net income, building the effectiveness to compete in global markets, improving business performance, achieving higher employee satisfaction, enhancing corporate governance, attracting diverse talents and skills and retaining the workforce that maintains the customer base (McCuiston et al., 2004). Moreover, culturally diverse workforce brings benefits to business economy (Ferley et al., 2003) and leads to better performance of the business (Richard, 2000). According to Adler (1997), a company with a diverse workforce has greater chances for building an innovative working environment. This statement is beautifully expressed in the words of White (1999), who states that creativity thrives on diversity. These benefits can be derived from the proper implementation of diversity-promoting policies (Jamrog, 2002). Many firms today seem to be increasingly embracing racial, ethnic and gender workforce balance, not for legal or ethical obligations, but as a matter of taking a progressive perspective on economic self-interest (Coil and Rice, 1993). It has been recognized recently that increasing diverse workforce has presented both opportunities and challenges for organizations which are striving for efficiency, innovativeness and global competitive advantage (Barak, 1999). As the global markets are getting more complex, utilization of organizations knowledge, skills and abilities is getting even more crucial in this rapidly increasing competition where organizations want to be more creative and innovative (Ng and Tung, 1998). In order to manage the growing diversity of the work force, organizations need to implement such systems and practices so that the potential advantages of diversity are maximized and the potential disadvantages are minimized (Cox, 1994). Managers in the organizations prove to be ineffective when dealing with a diverse workforce and language is reported as main hurdle when communication fails between the different nationals in employment Dadfar and Gustavsson (1992). However this negativity of the diverse workforce can be handled successfully by taking effective and rational decisions Watson et al. (1993). Those who decide to have diversity as a source of creativity and innovation, this proves to be much challenging to manage a diversified workforce. Many businesses experience failure when attempt to employ the diversity in its full picture to see its results on operations of the organizations (Farrer, 2004), as it demands the much energy and attention to manage the diversity. Effective diversity management have to cope with many of challenges like work ethics, authority, work relations, culture and ethical standards (McCuiston et al., 2004). Leadership In the literature, many authors which have interest in studying topic of leadership, offered definitions of leadership and defined this concept as a complex process by which a person influences others, applying his/her leadership attributes like belief, values, ethics, character, knowledge and skills, to accomplish a mission, task or objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent (Greenberg Baron, 2000). In addition to, it is seen that there are differences in connection with the types of leadership. Burns (1978) was one of the firsts to identify two types of leadership styles, transformational and transactional. Leadership remained the single most important issue in annual surveys for identifying top management issues during all times (HRI, 2002a). To manage a diverse workforce, organizations need visionary leaders but availability of them is scarce. According to the study by Diversity Inc. (2002), it is forecasted that many top management of several leading companies will lose one in five top managers due to retirement. Let alone, US companies will lose 40 percent or more of their top executives till 2015 (Wellins and Byham, 2001). One solution offered to this scarcity is to develop leaders at every level and in every function in an organization (Hesselbein, 2002). For this solution, Kappa Omicron Nu Honor Society (2002) advised the most effective leadership components to manage diversity, which are: Sensitivity and awareness about diverse workforce. Resources to strengthen and improve the quality of diverse individuals Inter-communication skills to solve mutual differences Strategies to maximize the effectiveness of diverse workforce. The goal should be to develop cross-cultural leaders and generate a new crop of multicultural professionals (Yukl, 2002). These leaders are provided with the required resources and authorities to manage workforce. The focus should be to enhance their listening, learning, networking, communication, and experimenting skills to manage a diverse workforce (Melymuka, 2001). Finally an effective strategy must be developed to include diversity at all levels of management, and there must be commitment to diversity at senior levels where it is strategically more important (Conklin, 2001). This strategy must be evident in organizations mission and vision statement and should involve a systemic, results-oriented, business-based approach (Fitzpatrick, 1997). Yet companies do not seek diversity unless this business competency results in increased profit and metrics that substantiate the necessity to expand the emphasis on diversity (Diversity Inc., 2002). Irrefutable measurable benefits can be de rived from properly implemented policies to promote diversity (Jamrog, 2002). The most evident measurable benefits are improved bottom line, competitive advantage, superior business performance, employee satisfaction and loyalty, strengthened relationship with multicultural communities, and attracting the best and the brightest candidates. Competitive advantage defined in diversity as, Recruiting and retaining people of diverse backgrounds who can share a common set of values. . .and approach to business is a priority for todays competitive organization (McCormack, 2002, p. 1). Jamrog (2002) suggested three-point approach to enhance effectiveness of leadership to manage diverse workforce: premise, guidelines and actions. There are three premises that leaders need to value diversity: (1) One size doesnt fit all leaders need to use different approaches for solving problems and developing workers as all situations and individuals are not the same, (2) Not everyone can be a leader organizational should focus only on individuals who have the ingredients of becoming a good leader, and (3) Leaders can be at any level or function anyone who can inspire, influence and guide others in the organization is a leader regardless of position. The five guidelines that leaders need to value diversity are: (1) Communicate, communicate, and communicate share freely your ideas, suggestions, opinions; listen to ideas of others with interest, (2) Build contact into your daily actions and duties Plan your actions, meetings, and duties so as to maximize contact with multiple p eople in the organization. (3) Manage and lead by walking around Be outside the office frequently and interact informally with others of different levels, functions, backgrounds and experience, (4) Champion diversity Bring in the contribution of everyone to increase commitment, innovation and creativity, and (5) Sponsor diversity Defend the decisions, actions and interactions while supporting everyone in the organization. Lastly, the five actions that leaders need to value diversity are: (1) Assessment of leadership potential within the organizations, (2) Provision of training and tools, (3) Inclusion of diversity at all levels, (4) measuring and rewarding efforts, and (5) encouraging the organization to be patient. (Daniel Goleman, 2000) explored different leadership styles to affect the organizations in successful manner. (Malini Janakiraman,2011) identified the concern of the business leaders in treating the diversity management as a source of attaining and sustaining the comp etitive advantage. Organizational vision and mission is strongly related with leadership styles (John J. Sandi L., 2007), which includes the mentioning of competitive advantage explicitly. (John A. Pearce II Fred David, 1987) identified the competitive advantage as a major component in the organizations mission statement. Conceptual Framework: The literature reviewed thus far indicates that there is a positive relationship between workforce diversity and the benefits derived by organizations in the form of competitive advantage (McCuiston et al., 2004). Mission statement should mention the competitive advantages ( John A. Pearce II, Fred David, 1987) so that the goals and objectives can be aligned to attain or sustain the competitive advantage of the organization. Organizations using the diversity management as a competitive advantage or basis for then the organization are to mention the diversity in their mission statement. This study goes around finding the different country based organizations dealing the diversity management as a competitive advantage and the countries not taking it as strength to capitalize for competitive advantages. Data Collection: The data in this paper is based on top 100 companies of Forbes Global 2000 (2012). The mission, vision and strategy statements of these 100 companies are studied carefully. The website links of these statements are provided at the end of this paper in Appendix I. During the study, two of these companies are omitted from the list because both were in Portuguese language and further two are added to complete the list. Moreover, 50 companies of Pakistan from KSE-100 Index (2012) are also studied. The website links of the mission, vision and strategy statements reviewed are also provided in Appendix II of this paper. During the data collection, it was made sure that a company from every sector with revenue over Rs.1 billion is included. Those multinational companies that are working in Pakistan and listed at KSE-100 index were omitted to avoid double entry. The date is shown in following table. Region Diversity No Diversity America 30 8 Europe 25 12 Asia 10 15 Pakistan 1 49 Overall 66 84 Source: http://www.forbes.com/global2000/list/ The criterion set to study these statements is to find the exact word diversity in the mission, vision or strategy statements of these companies. The data collected is shown in following graph. The American region comprising North and West Continents seems to have more awareness about workforce diversity, as shown in the table. While there is no surprise that only one company (KAPCO) in Pakistan mentions diversity in its vision statement. Findings and Conclusion: The results depict that those companies which are multinational require a clear vision and strategy about workforce diversity. North and South American countries including USA, Canada, Brazil, and Chile have more awareness of workforce diversity while European countries are also inclined towards it. Findings also indicate that Asian companies are not as diverse as rest of global players because most of these are located in China, Japan and South Korea. Moreover, companies leadership plays a considerable role in inclusion of diversity because usually the top brass establishes the vision, mission and strategy of the company. So, the role of top leadership may not be ignored here. This paper began with the review of diversity and its role in achieving competitive advantage. Further going through the literature it linked to leadership because to include diversity for achieving competitive advantage, managerial leadership needs to have better vision. This evidence in literature was also shown that leadership moderates the affect of diversity to achieve competitive advantage. The requirements of becoming a visionary leader are further discussed which can influence the mission, vision and strategy of the organization. The limitation in this study was the time-frame due to which the exact leadership style could not be established. In future research, a leadership survey can be conducted to determine the style of leadership which can be beneficial for diversity inclusion.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

The Need for Tougher Prisons Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Topics

   The purpose of the prison system was meant to be a deterrent to crime, as a preventative measure and to those who have already committed crimes, it is supposed to keep them from coming back. Obviously this did not work, today there are overcrowded jails and courts that look to any other way to punish a criminal besides jail time. The other options do not work either, they have not reduced the prison population nor have they created a sort of fear of being punished that a tougher system might do(Faugeron 5). I think the prison system should be made tougher, and that the alternatives to prison be used in cases where the crime was very small and the criminal would benefit from some other form of punishment than prison. If the criminal has done something so bad as to end up in prison I would expect that they were being treated in a just fashion. Instead of the system trying to teach inmates a lesson there's a law that says that "a convicted offender retains all the rights which citizens in general have, except such as must be limited or forfeited to make it possible to administer a correctional or federal agency"(Hawkins 135). In short they are real citizens except that the correctional facility decides when they eat and sleep. I think all prisons should take away the special privileges of prisoners because the system is supposed to deter criminals from committing crimes and instead are inviting them for extended visits. The only way criminals are going to get the point is by creating a prison system that does not allow anything special for the people who have committed crimes and gets back the root of the purpose for having prisons. Prisons first used the theory of "changing his values so that he will not commit similar offen... ...9: 37. Cohen, Adam. "A Life for a Life." Time. Mar. 8, 1999: 30-35. Faugeron, Claude. "The Changing Functions of Imprisonment." Prisons 2000: An International Perspective on the Current State and Fututre of Imprisonment. Ed. Roger Matthews and PeterFrancis. MacMillian Press LTD.: London 1996. Hawkins, Gordon. The Prison, Policy and Practice. University of Chicago Press: Chicago, 1976. Laurence, John. A history of Capital Punishment. Citadel Press: New York, 1960. "Questions and Answers About the Death Penalty." Daily Tribune. 9 Jan. 1998: A4. Palmer, Ted. A Profile of Corrctional Effectiveness and New Directions for Research. State University of New York Press: Albany, 1994. Ten, C.L.. Crime, Guilt, and Punishment. Claredon Press: Oxford, 1987. Vass, Antony. Punishment, Custody, and the Community. Sage Publications: London, 1990.   

Friday, July 19, 2019

Street Racing Essay -- Racing Sport Sports Cars Essays

Street Racing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The intricacies that are involved in turning a regular car into a â€Å"Street Racer† are many; and racers pour their souls into these magnificent machines. After seeing â€Å"the Fast and the Furious† many people have or wanted to become involved in street racing. They do not realize that this is a sport that takes knowledge, hard work, and nerve. Many of these racers have spent their lives under a car, learning the trade and improving upon it. As I have learned, this is not just a hobby; it is a way of life. This lifestyle does carry a price, racers face persecution from police and the general public. They have their cars impounded and defaced by those who reject racing. Having a racer is not illegal, but some of the things people do with them are. This is what the general public does not understand. The IRA* is a legal racing circuit that embraces Street Racers. It gives the much-needed outlet to build magnificent cars and race them legally. Police are not the only worry on a racers mind. Death, fraud, and theft are the dark side of this moon. Some racers lack legitimate funds for equipment, and they resort to theft and fraud. This is where the misconceptions of the general public resonate. Yes there is crime; and laws are broken, but in everything there is a good and bad. So I warn anyone who pursues this life, enjoy the good, and be ready for the bad. What drives these racers to this lifestyle? They have an addiction to speed. The six-cylinder engine fuels this â€Å"need for speed.† Some may think that their two hundred thousand dollar car is fast, with these engine modifications will have an Accord blowing the doors off a Ferrari. The six-cylinder engine has six pistons pumping in six cylinders; hence, the name. Fuel is injected and burned; causing gas compression (picture a shaken soda bottle). This compression forces the pistons up and down that move your car. With compression in the cylinder, the Turbo comes into play. If two balloons were filled with air, one half and the other full, which would go faster? This is the job of the Turbo. Burning requires air, and when you introduce more air a fire is larger and hotter. It forces compressed air into the engine, letting it burn more air each time the pistons pump increasing boost**. There is a drawback to more air, more heat in the engine. Heat in the engine makes the air d... ...d slows, this is how the spoiler helps. To add more push to the back of the car, the angle and height of the spoiler is increased. This is why some normal cars have little spoiler for show and racers use them for performance. There is a problem to adding all of these parts to a car, weight. As I have said the racers have adapted to this problem. They have lightened their cars by using carbon-fiber** parts.4 They are strong and half as light at metal, so racers can add these parts and not get dragged down†¦literally.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A warning to those who read this, do not get dragged down into the dark side of racing. Racing on streets is dangerous. If you enhance a car like this, it should be raced only on a legal strip. A ten-second rush is not worth killing yourself or others. Work hard and be fair. If you do this you will always win. I hope to have helped any curious person who wanted to know how people make these racers. I wanted to dispel the stereotypes of racers and their lifestyle. Yes, some of this lifestyle is dark; but most racers are kids who love cars. They whole-heartedly adopt the dogma that, â€Å"Nothing else matters, and for those ten seconds or less†¦ they’re free.† 5

Chlamydial Infection :: essays research papers

Chlamydia Chlamydial infection is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease in the United States today. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that more than 4 million new cases occur each year. The highest rates of chlamydial infection are in 15 to 19-year old adolescents regardless of demographics or location. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), a serious complication of chlamydial infection, has emerged as a major cause of infertility among women of childbearing age. Chlamydial infection is caused by a bacterium, Chlamydial trachomatis, and can be transmitted during vaginal, oral, or anal sexual contact with an infected partner. A pregnant woman may pass the infection to her newborn during delivery, with subsequent neonatal eye infection or pneumonia. The annual cost of chlamydial infection is estimated to exceed $2 billion. SYMPTOMS   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most chlamydial infections are silent, causing no symptoms. However, men and women with Chlamydia may experience abnormal genital discharge or pain during urination. These early symptoms may be mild. If symptoms occur, they usually appear within one or three weeks after exposure. Two of every three infected women and one or two of every four infected men have no symptoms whatsoever. As a result, often the disease may not be diagnosed and treated until complications develop.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Doctors estimate that, in women, one third of the chlamydial infections result in PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease). Often these infections are not diagnosed until PID or other complications develop. In men, rarely, chlamydial infections may lead to pain or swelling in the scrotal area, which is a sign of epididymitis, an inflammation of a part of the male reproductive system located in the testicles. Left untreated, this condition, like PID in women, can cause infertility.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chlamydia can cause proctitis (inflamed rectum) and conjunctivitis (inflammation of the lining of the eye). The bacteria also have been found in the throat as a result of oral sexual contact with an infected partner. In tropical climates, a particular strain of C. trachomatis causes an STD called lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), which is characterized by prominent swelling and inflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin. Complications may follow if LGV is not treated; this infection is very rare in the United States. DIAGNOSIS:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chlamydial Infection can easily be confused with gonorrhea because the symptoms of both diseases are similar; in some populations they occur together. The most reliable way to diagnose chlamydial infection is for a clinician to send a sample of secretions from the patient’s genital area to a laboratory that will look for the organism using one of a wide variety of quick and inexpensive laboratory tests.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Gender Roles: The Building Blocks of American Society Essay

Ever since I could remember most of what I learned about being a male came from a series of components, majority include my parents, family, television, school, toys, the media, and peers. Gender expectations were embedded within me by society and I had no clue of what was happening. When I was young it was expected of me to play with toys that suited males i.e. batman, spiderman, superman, watch television shows that encompassed male behavior, I even had to perpetuate dominance over my male counterparts as a means of sustaining my masculinity. This was all taught to me by the constructs of masculinity developed by society. I can recall many instances in which my stepfather would punish me if I stayed inside on on Saturday/Sunday mornings because in his time period, boys were expected to be outside performing manual labor while the woman were expected to cook and clean. It is the roles of American society that have plagued the notion of dominant and subordinate gender roles of male a nd female. I learned to perpetuate masculinity without even understanding what masculinity or femininity even meant, it was taught to me as a natural way of being, something that I never questioned because I simply thought it was the correct way of living, and even though it did not quite make sense to act tough or to act male, I still followed everything I was taught. All my life I acted the way I was expected to act, as a Hispanic male, I had to stay within the confines of my ethnicity and gender. Males where not expected to be emotional or to have feelings. Within a family that honors male dominance and power that males can perpetuate, none of my uncles show any signs of weakness or vulnerability, as it is taboo for the men in my family to show any sign of softness. I however, always had problems with living my life in  this order and having to perpetuate male behavior. I can recall one instance where I wrapped my hair in a towel after a shower because I saw my mother always doing it and I wanted to as well, it was not until my mom caught me, when she instantly put me in place and told me to never do that again. She specified that if my dad witnessed what I had done I would never see the light of day. Ever since I could remember, the ways in which I performed my gender role was not necessarily performed the way society constructed it. I never performed what was expected of me, most of the time I would sit on the side of my house crying after being yelled at by my stepfather for not being boyish enough for him. I always had my mind on being who I thought I should be i.e. free and able to explore as I wanted, and not what people told me to be. All my life, I have witnessed male family members and their inability to console or give proper advice to anyone because there was always an ego bias due to their lack of feeling and emotion. My father is a prime example, no matter what he discussed with me as a child it always related to male dominance and woman subordination and the idea of the other. I come from a family with ego gratification issues, most of my uncles including my father suffer from perpetuating masculinity and male dominance, and they thrive off of not showing an ounce of weakness or vulnerability. Within the confines of my family it is actually frowned upon to express feeling or even express care of love towards anyone, it is a sad fact, but it is the learned male dominant/ female subordinate roles that have convoluted American society to act in this specific manner. Nonetheless, it is a sad feat of American life. If I suddenly woke and I was female my life would change dramatically, the result would impact my whole center of being substantially. Not only would the mechanics of my body entirely change, my entire conception of self would as well. I could no longer go to the bathroom the same, use masculinity as a crutch to get ahead in society, my entire notion of self and the makeup of who I am as a person, and as a dramaturgical actor would be in chaos. The building blocks that I was founded upon would completely rearrange, everything I have learned my whole life would be flipped. I would no longer see myself in the same light, as I now have to relearn what it means to begin living a life that I have no real first hand experience within. My entire life revolves around my conception of myself as a male, my  educational level, my acquired dominance in society from just being a male, my role as a man, and my privilege in society. This change would alter my conception of what it means to be a human entirely. As our entire lives are shaped by gender expectations and societies ideas of what it means to be a male and female. It would be a tough change nonetheless. My gender performance would have to be re-built from the ground up. I would have to learn to act like a female, to make my way in the world as a female, I would lose certain privileges that come along with being male such as job opportunities, respect, power, and would have to completely relearn gender roles within a female body. For some, this would be the worst possible outcome that could ever happen to a male, not only because of everything that comes along with being a male, but also everything that comes along with being a female. Females are stigmatized for their femininity, their roles as woman in society, their sexual partners, the clothes that they wear, the way that they look, there are so many things that woman have to deal with that many men simply do not understand. This would be an eye opener, everything I have learned and got away with, as a male such as freely exploring my manhood and eating disgustingly, would be redefined. In society woman are held to the highest degree of observance and are forced to stay within the lines of femininity. Everywhere you look, on billboards, magazine covers, newspapers, and tabloids there is the romanticized version of what it means to be a woman and the standard that they are held up to is simply unreachable. No one can measure up to societies standard of what it means to be a woman, they are constantly broken down and told they are not pretty, they are not desirable, they are not what they should be, they are promiscuous, and if a guy does the same things he is not scrutinized for his actions. My entire life as a woman would be a new understanding, an entire new journey and experience. Learning what it means to be stigmatized and talked down upon if I decided to be who I was as a man, but as a woman. I woul d no longer be able to shove food down my throat, act vulgar, run around with my shirt off, jog around at nighttime because of the fear of being raped, or abducted. It would totally reshape everything I was taught and defined as in society. Even though acting masculine or acting feminine is a social construct, it has consumed me everyday, I have always filled that masculine role that society has brought me up within and even though  everything about myself is wrapped up within my gender specific role as a Hispanic male, becoming a female would totally change my gender experience. I would be reborn, forced to learn everything about myself as a female, and what it means to be a female and act like a female in society. Nonetheless, it would completely reshape my views and ideas about gender.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

It Infrastructure Security Policy

building block 6 ASSIGMENT 1 IT fundament tribute policy Purpose of the interlocking al-QaidaThe Companies value sluttishness and promotes introduction to a replete(p) revolve of teaching accordingly, the campus reading establishments make water been intentional to be as open as possible.The Companies engagement consists of entropy cables and jack from the outfit closets to the custom uprs transaction station, or radiocommunication attack points to a intentrs PC atomic number 29 and visual learning communications cables Ethernet switches, routers, servers, and peripherals systems to modify and come introduction and systems to monitor the might and give way the building blocky of the net income, with the goal to hand over elevated availability and skill to put forward the inevitably of the mesh topology drug uptakers. The reliability, availability and comme il faut capacity of net income imaginativenesss is critical to the casual matte r of the Companies.Each member of the Companies community (students, faculty, provide, and guests) is anticipate to cherish the fair play of the interlocking and to cognize and mystify to Companies rules, regulations and guidelines for their leave map. Regulations that reign over in-person portion out and use of Companies facilities also apply to the use of meshwork resources. * Components of the meshwork Infrastructure policy * take away theatrical role * insufferable Use * nettle Restrictions * Request for rating deal thisChapter 2 Why protective cover measures is NeededComponents of the net Infrastructure Policy * * Connecting Devices to the meshing * The campus interlocking is a shargond resource. It is thus needful to strike a counterpoise amidst enabling opportunities for teaching and research, and protect the fairness of net profit resources. To this end, Companies moldinessiness be hurt a bun in the oven-to doe with in the planning, acquisi tion, maintenance, and on-going touch baseivity of all profits devices. This pull up stakes ensure the appropriate profit design, interoperability of components and integrity of functioning.If a device is attached to the lucre infrastructure without forward consultation, Companies can non pledge the on-going connectivity and prudish operation of the device. * * Wireless Network Equipment The chase and use of tuner cyberspaceing (802. 11a, 802. 11b & 802. 11g, Wi-Fi) is evolving rapidly. every lucre use policies apply to the use of wireless LAN technology. Wireless approaching to Companies resources which testament be secured through a primal aut chicktication system, except for pickyized departmental needfully.The comp all pull up stakes work with soul departments and colleges to help address their special needs for wireless technology. * * Domain draw benefit net profit servers for schoolman departments or administrative units serving campus related c ultivation whitethorn need DNS entries set up for the server. Requests for DNS entries lead need to be submitted to the Networking unit of Companies for approval. No new(prenominal) DNS server should be setup by other campus units. DNS call testament non be assumption to a server set up for roughlyone(prenominal)ised use, much(prenominal) as a ad hominem weather vane server.Any web locate served on the web servers maintained by Companies much(prenominal) as www. uww. edu, facstaff. uww. edu, and students. uww. edu ordain fly the coop the appropriate path call as universal resource locator no DNS name ordain be given over. Occasionally members of the Companies community whitethorn helper an organization that is loosely connected with the Companies. These organizations whitethorn be of captain, scholarly, partnership or entrepreneurial nature. Under certain fortune it whitethorn be appropriate for these organizations to patronage DNS names other than uww. edu , charm hosting them in the Companies domain.Provided that the use of these domains support the Companiess cathexis and be logical with all relevant Companies policy, Companies whitethorn host them within the uww. edu domain. approval and rhythmical review of these domains go away be conducted on a case-by-case backside by the Chancellor and the CIO. Additionally, there atomic number 18 skillful foul criteria that must be met, such(prenominal) as 1. Servers in the domain must house in the McGraw info center. 2. This pass off must be listed as the technical hitting with the registrar**, so that others atomic number 18 witting of some(prenominal) changes and can act appropriately. 3.Only UW-W DNS servers should be specified to the registrar * * dynamical swarm Control Protocol The DHCP improvement delivers IP information to campus workstations to provide Internet connectivity. The of import DHCP answer and the management of IP assignments is administered by Companies. No other DHCP service should be set up on campus without prior consultation with Companies, and nonwithstanding to examine special(prenominal) administrative or academic needs. * removed Access to Network Resources enchantment web find is sufficient for the bulk of Companies educational and business activities there atomic number 18 almost instances when direct access to lucre resources is necessary.To enable remote access to network resources in a secure mode that protects confidentiality and integrity of Companies and personal information realistic closed-door Networking is a method by which a user can access UWWs internal network via the internet in a secure mode through a firewall or mistakable earnest layer. Remote access for some campus serve, such as email and subroutine library entropybases, may be addressed in kick downstairs campus policies. authentic users must save connect to the Companies network from calculators that accommodate to the Network Infrastructure Use Policy credentials requirements.This includes ensuring that calculators atomic number 18 fully patched with the in vogue(p) operate system updates and have new antivirus computer softw ar. Appropriate UseListed below atomic number 18 the policies that govern data network access and recitation for students, staff and faculty at the Companies of Wisconsin Whitewater. 1. definitive users Authorized users be (1) current faculty, staff, and students of the Companies (2) singulars connecting to a public information service support on the Campus network and (3) others who are specifically allow to use a fussy calculate or network resource by the campus unit responsible for the resource. . planetary Guidelines Those who use the campus network resources are expect to do so responsibly, that is, to comply with assert and federal legal philosophys, with this and other policies and procedures of the Companies, and with ruler standards of prof essional and personal courtesy and conduct. 3. Security instruction warranter measures at Companiesis everyones responsibility. To maintain security in using the campus network services, it is important to amaze to the chase guidelines * Protect your login ID and password.Computer accounts, passwords, ids and other types of leave are assign to individual users and should not be divided up with others. * Be awake that the person to whom an account is assigned allow be held accountable for any action mechanism originating from that account. * Do not access data or systems for which you have not been given specific authority. * Take concludeable steps to ensure that your desktop or laptop computer system does not crap a security try when connected to the network, including keeping anti-virus software package and operational patches up-to-date. announce security violations. 4. Confidentiality Information storeho utilize on computers is considered confidential, whether protected by the computer system or not, unless the owner intentionally makes that information on hand(predicate) to other groups or individuals. The Companies of Wisconsin Whitewater takes the mental attitude that computer users desire that the information that they store on central and/or campus shared primer coat resources remain confidential.While all efforts pass on be made to ensure confidentiality, users should be aware(p) that data (including e-mail) might, due to software or hardware failure, become brotherly to those Companies who are not authorized for that access. Companies force may also on do have access to such data while execute routine trading operations or pursuing apparent systems or user problems. No guarantee of set down silence is made or implied by this policy. Requests for the manifestation of confidential information will be governed by the provisions of the Family educational Rights and silence Act of 1974 (FERPA) and the Wisconsin Open Rec ords Statutes .All such requests will be honored only when canonical by Companies officials who are the level-headed custodians of the information requested, or when required by articulate or federal law, or court order. Users found to be copying, modifying, or other than accessing information for which they have not been disposed(p) permission may be unresistant to disciplinary action. Unacceptable UseNetwork resources at this Companies may not be used for criminal activities, commercial purposes not associated with the Companies, or uses that smash other Companies policies or guidelines.The following activities are NOT acceptable use of the campus network resources * Damaging or performing unlicenced removal of networking equipment, software or data * Tampering with network hardware, wiring, or software * Disrupting or interfering with the normal operation of network communications, generating excessive network application or performing unlicensed monitor of network traff ic * willfully introducing computer viruses or other riotous programs into the Companies network, which are intended to damage or fashion excessive load on network resources * Intentionally violating or attempting to beltway network security strategies * victimization illegitimate accounts, passwords, IP addresses or other network access information * Accessing or modifying any software, files, data or other Companies information for which an individual has not been given dominance * victimization network resources to harass or constrain others * Using network resources to portray others or to forge anothers identity * hinder with the calculation activities of others. * Setting up network services or equipment without knowledge or involution of Companies. * Violating state, federal or right of first publication laws * Using network resources for commercial practise or financial gain which does not conform to UW-W rules and regulations Access RestrictionsAccess to campus network resources may be wholly or partially curb by the Companies without prior plug-in and without the react of the user when 1. required by and consistent with law 2. when there is reason to gestate that violations of policy or law have taken regularise 3. hen the continue access/use of network resources by an individual significantly affects the integrity, performance, or security of the campus network as a unanimous The individual will be notified of the reason and duration of the access obstruction as soon as possible. Access will be restored when the situation has been resolved. These are general Companies policies departments or other units may place additional restrictions on the resources that they manage. field cited http//www. uww. edu/icit/ nerve/policies/network/infrastructure. htmlg3ctoolkit. net/ /IT_Infrastructure_Security_ join estate www. wokingham. gov. uk/EasysiteWeb/getresource. axd?It Infrastructure Security PolicyUNIT 6 ASSIGMENT 1 IT Infrastructu re Security Policy Purpose of the Network InfrastructureThe Companies values openness and promotes access to a wide range of information accordingly, the campus information systems have been designed to be as open as possible.The Companies network consists of data cables and jacks from the wiring closets to the users work station, or wireless access points to a users PC copper and optical data communications cables Ethernet switches, routers, servers, and peripherals systems to enable and manage access and systems to monitor the capacity and maintain the integrity of the network, with the goal to provide high availability and capacity to support the needs of the network users. The reliability, availability and adequate capacity of network resources is critical to the day-to-day function of the Companies.Each member of the Companies community (students, faculty, staff, and guests) is expected to protect the integrity of the network and to know and adhere to Companies rules, regulatio ns and guidelines for their appropriate use. Regulations that govern personal conduct and use of Companies facilities also apply to the use of network resources. * Components of the Network Infrastructure Policy * Appropriate Use * Unacceptable Use * Access Restrictions * Request for EvaluationRead thisChapter 2 Why Security is NeededComponents of the Network Infrastructure Policy * * Connecting Devices to the Network * The campus network is a shared resource. It is therefore necessary to strike a balance between enabling opportunities for teaching and research, and protecting the integrity of network resources. To this end, Companies must be involved in the planning, acquisition, maintenance, and on-going connectivity of all network devices. This will ensure the appropriate network design, interoperability of components and integrity of operation.If a device is connected to the network infrastructure without prior consultation, Companies cannot guarantee the on-going connectivity and proper operation of the device. * * Wireless Network Equipment The interest and use of wireless networking (802. 11a, 802. 11b & 802. 11g, Wi-Fi) is evolving rapidly. All network use policies apply to the use of wireless LAN technology. Wireless access to Companies resources which will be secured through a central authentication system, except for specific departmental needs.The company will work with individual departments and colleges to help address their special needs for wireless technology. * * Domain Name Service Internet servers for academic departments or administrative units serving campus related information may need DNS entries set up for the server. Requests for DNS entries will need to be submitted to the Networking unit of Companies for approval. No other DNS server should be setup by other campus units. DNS names will not be given to a server set up for personal use, such as a personal web server.Any web site served on the web servers maintained by Companies such as www. uww. edu, facstaff. uww. edu, and students. uww. edu will carry the appropriate path names as URL no DNS name will be given. Occasionally members of the Companies community may sponsor an organization that is loosely affiliated with the Companies. These organizations may be of professional, scholarly, partnership or entrepreneurial nature. Under certain circumstances it may be appropriate for these organizations to hold DNS names other than uww. edu , while hosting them in the Companies domain.Provided that the use of these domains support the Companiess mission and are consistent with all applicable Companies policy, Companies may host them within the uww. edu domain. Approval and regular review of these domains will be conducted on a case-by-case basis by the Chancellor and the CIO. Additionally, there are technical criteria that must be met, such as 1. Servers in the domain must reside in the McGraw data center. 2. This progress must be listed as the technical contact wi th the registrar**, so that others are aware of any changes and can respond appropriately. 3.Only UW-W DNS servers should be specified to the registrar * * Dynamic Host Control Protocol The DHCP service delivers IP information to campus workstations to provide Internet connectivity. The central DHCP service and the management of IP assignments is administered by Companies. No other DHCP service should be set up on campus without prior consultation with Companies, and only to meet specific administrative or academic needs. *Remote Access to Network Resources While web access is sufficient for the majority of Companies educational and business activities there are some instances when direct access to network resources is necessary.To enable remote access to network resources in a secure manner that protects confidentiality and integrity of Companies and personal information Virtual Private Networking is a method by which a user can access UWWs internal network via the internet in a se cure manner through a firewall or similar security layer. Remote access for some campus services, such as email and library databases, may be addressed in separate campus policies. Authorized users must only connect to the Companies network from computers that conform to the Network Infrastructure Use Policy security requirements.This includes ensuring that computers are fully patched with the latest operating system updates and have current antivirus software. Appropriate UseListed below are the policies that govern data network access and usage for students, staff and faculty at the Companies of Wisconsin Whitewater. 1. Authorized users Authorized users are (1) current faculty, staff, and students of the Companies (2) individuals connecting to a public information service supported on the Campus network and (3) others who are specifically authorized to use a particular computing or network resource by the campus unit responsible for the resource. . General Guidelines Those who use the campus network resources are expected to do so responsibly, that is, to comply with state and federal laws, with this and other policies and procedures of the Companies, and with normal standards of professional and personal courtesy and conduct. 3. Security Information security at Companiesis everyones responsibility. To maintain security in using the campus network services, it is important to adhere to the following guidelines * Protect your login ID and password.Computer accounts, passwords, ids and other types of authorization are assigned to individual users and should not be shared with others. * Be aware that the person to whom an account is assigned will be held accountable for any activity originating from that account. * Do not access data or systems for which you have not been given specific authority. * Take conceivable steps to ensure that your desktop or laptop computer system does not create a security risk when connected to the network, including keeping anti- virus software and operating patches up-to-date. Report security violations. 4. Confidentiality Information stored on computers is considered confidential, whether protected by the computer system or not, unless the owner intentionally makes that information available to other groups or individuals. The Companies of Wisconsin Whitewater takes the position that computer users desire that the information that they store on central and/or campus shared computing resources remain confidential.While all efforts will be made to ensure confidentiality, users should be aware that data (including e-mail) might, due to software or hardware failure, become accessible to those Companies who are not authorized for that access. Companies personnel may also on occasion have access to such data while performing routine operations or pursuing apparent systems or user problems. No guarantee of complete privacy is made or implied by this policy. Requests for the disclosure of confidential information will be governed by the provisions of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) and the Wisconsin Open Records Statutes .All such requests will be honored only when approved by Companies officials who are the legal custodians of the information requested, or when required by state or federal law, or court order. Users found to be copying, modifying, or otherwise accessing information for which they have not been granted permission may be liable to disciplinary action. Unacceptable UseNetwork resources at this Companies may not be used for unlawful activities, commercial purposes not associated with the Companies, or uses that violate other Companies policies or guidelines.The following activities are NOT acceptable use of the campus network resources * Damaging or performing unauthorized removal of networking equipment, software or data * Tampering with network hardware, wiring, or software * Disrupting or interfering with the normal operation of network communic ations, generating excessive network activity or performing unauthorized monitoring of network traffic * Willfully introducing computer viruses or other disruptive programs into the Companies network, which are intended to damage or create excessive load on network resources * Intentionally violating or attempting to bypass network security strategies * Using unauthorized accounts, passwords, IP addresses or other network access information * Accessing or modifying any software, files, data or other Companies information for which an individual has not been given authorization * Using network resources to harass or intimidate others * Using network resources to impersonate others or to forge anothers identity * Interfering with the computing activities of others. * Setting up network services or equipment without knowledge or involvement of Companies. * Violating state, federal or copyright laws * Using network resources for commercial activity or financial gain which does not confo rm to UW-W rules and regulations Access RestrictionsAccess to campus network resources may be wholly or partially restricted by the Companies without prior notice and without the consent of the user when 1. required by and consistent with law 2. when there is reason to believe that violations of policy or law have taken place 3. hen the continued access/use of network resources by an individual significantly affects the integrity, performance, or security of the campus network as a whole The individual will be notified of the reason and duration of the access restriction as soon as possible. Access will be restored when the situation has been resolved. These are general Companies policies departments or other units may place additional restrictions on the resources that they manage. Work cited http//www. uww. edu/icit/governance/policies/network/infrastructure. htmlg3ctoolkit. net/ /IT_Infrastructure_Security_ United Kingdom www. wokingham. gov. uk/EasysiteWeb/getresource. axd?